Sellafield (see nuclear terrorism file).
The number of fatal cancers produce by the Chernobyl incident was 30000.
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Nuclear Radiation (UNSCEAR)
If all the caesium-137 in just one of the 14 full tanks at Sellafield in Cumbria were to be released, the radioactivity would cause approximately 170,000 fatal cancers.

Semi-Solid Foods. Food of a semi-solid nature such as meats, fats & cheese are reasonably safe to eat if previously wrapped in wax paper. If in doubt to render them safe remove a layer of about 15mm from the outside. On the other hand fresh butter & cheese from cows grazing on contaminated land must be destroyed.

Nuclear Handbook for Staff Officers. (War Office 1963)

SHEFFIELD. The multitudinous grants to NFZ (Nuclear Free Zone) activities made by the City Council include:

£10000 for producing an up-dated version of the BBC film “The War Game”
£500 for producing an anti-nuclear scenario for Sheffield.
£250 for presenting the scenario.
£100 for affiliation fees to the “Anti Trident Campaign”.
£915 for a research project on Civil Defence.
£500 for office equipment for Sheffield Peace Shop.
£200 for a production of “ When the Wind Blows” by the Skylight theatre company.
£200 for printing postcards saying “Sheffield a Nuclear Free Zone)
£4000 for mailing every household in Sheffield with the leaflet “ You & the Bomb”
£1000 to SANA for “Nuclear Winter Initiatives)
£1000 to Sheffield peace liaison committee
£1000 to the NFZ steering committee.
£510 to “Various individuals” to make anti-nuclear films & videos.
£2673 to “Various individuals” in connection with NFZ &CND conferences.
£850 for the production & £1115 for the purchase of anti-nuclear videotapes.
£793 for the “Sheffield Peace Film Group”
£200 for the purchase of cassettes of “One World Peace Song)
£90000 1982-85. Salary for Mr Jim Coleman. Sheffield Peace Officer.
£20000 Sheffield Peace Shop rental subsidy.

Shelters. The risk of war is at present considered so slight that the enormous expense of providing shelters to every family in the land cannot be justified.

Civil Defence Booklet 1985

Southport. The Regional Centre of Government at Southport in Lancashire, flooded every time the rain came in. A stock of extra wellingtons was purchased but the RGHQ was abandoned and it’s responsibilities transferred to RGHQ Hack Green in Cheshire.

Spaghetti Junction. If a 1-megaton nuclear device exploded at Spaghetti Junction (the intersection of the M6/M5/A38 in Birmingham) a crater 300 metres wide and 200 feet deep would replace the motorway interchange.

Surprise. A surprise attack of which we would receive only 4 minutes warning, whilst not impossible is considered unlikely.

Civil Defence Plan 1990

Tax. Expenditure necessarily incurred & commercial undertakings in, making civil defence arrangements can be classed as “revenue expenditure” and may be regarded as admissible as a deduction in computing trading profits for income tax and corporation tax purposes.

Industrial & Civil Defence Bulletin No 4 1967

Toilet Shelter. In 1985 Somerset council was given £20000 towards the cost of re-furbishing it’s Civil Defence HQ. When inspected by the Home Office it was found to have an outside toilet!

The Treasury. The treasury had 2 principle roles during a nuclear war. 1 the provision of currency post war. 2 the funding of overseas operations, this meant the funding of overseas embassies, bulk purchase of foodstuffs to ship back to England ect. It was planned to centralise these treasury responsibilities using our embassy in Washington USA. UNTIL someone in planning pointed out that Washington was an even more probable target than London. The plans were abandoned.

Water. The water authority target is that by 14 days after a nuclear attack, they will provide 5 litres of water per person per day. (The peacetime domestic usage is 120 litres per day per person every effort must be made to conserve water post-strike. After the first heavy downpour of rain & when reported as safe to do so by the mobile radiac reporting teams, water must be collected from rooftops. This can be stored in either containers issued to each feeding centre or by improvised containers on-site.

Metropolitan District Emergency Feeding Plan 1985

Who invented nuclear weapons?

1898 Marie Curie discovered radium gave off tiny particles. This energy wads called “radioactivity”

1905 Albert Einstein invented the theory that all energy was “locked up” inside the atom.

1919 British Scientist Ernest Rutherford discovered that atoms could be split into their constituent parts.

1932 British Scientist James Chadwick identified the neutron.

1938 Two German Scientists Otto Frisch & Rudolf Peierls flee Nazi Germany having thought of nuclear fission to make a bomb.

1939 Two German Scientists Otto Hahn & Fritz Strassman discover nuclear chain reaction.

1940 American Scientist John Dunning identifies Uranium 235.

1942 Julius Robert Oppenheimer leads the “Manhattan Project” at Los Alamos in the USA.

WMD & the USA. Weapons of mass destruction in the possession of hostile states and terrorists represent one of the greatest security challenges facing the United States. We must pursue a comprehensive strategy to counter this threat in all its dimensions.
US National Strategy to Combat WMD 2002
Comment: Apparently in the Strategic Review the Pentagon has prepared contingency plans to use nuclear weapons pre-emtively against 7 or more countries, including China, Iran, Libia, Iraq, Russia & Syria.